![]() Open research is often used quasi-synonymously to address the gap that the denotion of "science" might have regarding an inclusion of the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences. Usage of the term varies substantially across disciplines, with a notable prevalence in the STEM disciplines. It encompasses practices such as publishing open research, campaigning for open access, encouraging scientists to practice open-notebook science (such as openly sharing data and code ), broader dissemination and engagement in science and generally making it easier to publish, access and communicate scientific knowledge. Open science is transparent and accessible knowledge that is shared and developed through collaborative networks. Open science is the movement to make scientific research (including publications, data, physical samples, and software) and its dissemination accessible to all levels of society, amateur or professional. Open access, Open source movement, Creative Commons licenses, Sci-Hub, Wikimedia movement. Pillars of the Open Science according to UNESCO's 2021 Open Science recommendation.
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